Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder: Definition, Evidence, Diagnosis, Treatment

Pathological reactions to adverse life events are frequent. However, it has become increasingly clear that current clinical descriptions and diagnostic classifications, which subsume all such reactions under terms such as PTSD or reactive and adjustment disorder, are inadequate. One widely seen type of pathological reaction can be classified as Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED). Like PTSD, this disorder is characterized not by a particular type of stressful events, but by a distinct …